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只看楼主倒序阅读 0 发表于: 2006-10-06

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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The accident drew renewed attention to the popular but I A320. It was the first plane Airbus designed using highly computerized systems that are 2 to curb pilot error and allow
crews to land 3 autopilot. Now 4 all Airbus planes--from the A320 to the jumbo A340--operate on a "fly by wire" system, which uses electrical impulses 5 cables and pulleys to move the control 6 on the plane's wings. 7 into the plane's software also is a protective "envelope" that limits 8 steeply a pilot can climb, dive or band the aircraft.
Still, Airbus has a relatively good safety. 9 with A320. Last week's crash was the seventh accident--the fifth resulting in 10 involving A320 since its 11 in 1987. But some of those accidents have raised the question of whether the aircraft's computer system may be too complicated. Several of the crashed resulted from pilot's making errors in 12 the plane's computerized control or 13 devices. In one 14 1992 crash near Strass-bourg airport, French investigators concluded that an Air Inter plane flew 15 a mountain several miles 16 the runway because the pilots had incorrectly 17 the plane's descent rate into the computer. The cockpit voice recorder showed that up till the moment of 18 , the pilots had no idea of their mistake. 19 , investigators say, such incidents indicate that Airbus may need to add or 20 warning devices that tell the pilots when they are dangerously close to the ground.
1. [A] controversial [B] disputed [C] flawed [D] defected
2. [Al suggested [B] credited [C] supposed [D] proclaimed
3. [A] on [B] with [C] at [D] by
4. [A] invariably [B] particularly [C] virtually [D] especially
5. [A] apart from [B] as well as [C] more than [D] instead of
6. [A] levers [B] panels [C] pistons [D] boards
7.[A] Composed [B] Combined [C] Made [D] Built
8. [A] when [B] how [C] where [D] if
9. [A] backgrounds [B] traditions [C] records [D] resumes
10. [A] collapses [B] damages [C] breakdowns [D]fatalities
11. [A] launch [B] commence [C] manufacture [D] construction
12. [A]regulating [B] scheduling [C] programming [D] sequencing
13. [A] direction [B] aviation [C] orientation [D] navigation
14. [A] notorious [B] eminent [C] prevalent [D] previous
15. [A] at [B] into [C] against [D] onto
16. [A] high above [B] close to [C] far from [D] short of
17. [A] registered [B] typed [C] entered [D] keyed
18. [A] influence [B] impact [C] effect [D] affect
19. [A] At the very least [B] In the last analysis
[C] From every aspect [D] Of all people
20. [A] assemble [B] organize [C] elevate [D] upgrade

Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Passage 1
Save the mighty elephant! Who could argue? Well, the hippopotamus might. In 1989, with the elephant facing the threat of extinction, the nations of the world agreed to ban trade in elephant ivory. Now, ivory hunters who once shot elephants for their tusks are shooting hippos for their teeth. If nothing is done, experts say, the hippo may be wiped out in some areas of Africa. The hippo, laments Dr. Simon Lyster of the World Wide Fund for Nature, "is the
forgotten beast."
Unfortunately for hippos, they're easy targets. They like to gather in herds at muddy pools and just sit there, virtually motionless. Hunters simply shoot the hippos in the water.
Not surprisingly, there's a new campaign to save the hippo. At the annual Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Florida this week, France, Belgium and Benin will
propose strict quotas and monitoring of the hunting and trade in hippos and hippo parts. The data so far are spotty--but generally gloomy for the hippo. From 1988 to 1992, the number of hippo teeth carved in Hong Kong and re-exported, rose from 224 to 3 868--with most of those shipments bound for the United States.
The trade in hippo ivory follows much the same route as the old trade in elephant tusks--from hunters in Africa through middlemen in Europe to carvers in Hong Kong and Japan.
Hippo ivory is a bit more brittle and less desirable than elephant ivory, so it sells for a good deal less--about $ 50 to $ 70 per kilo wholesale, compared with $ 400 to $ 500 for elephant ivory.Once it is fashioned into trinkets and jewelry, however, few consumers can tell the difference. The trade is booming. In a rare census of African hippos last year, conservationists were alarmed to find a population of only 160 000, or about a quarter the estimated number of elephants. Even in national parks where hippos live, protections are failing, in part because many nations had used proceeds from the sale of elephant tusks to pay park police. Now that income is gone, and some parks have become hunting grounds.
Malawi is among many African nations that support new hippo protections; some are even moving unilaterally to save the herds. Zambia restricts hippo hunting to tourist expeditions in national parks and gives local people 35 percent of the tourist revenues. That should encourage locals to help fend off poachers and to quit hunting hippos themselves. And if ivory hunters do leave the hippo alone? They'll probably move on to other animals with carvable teeth, like walruses or whales.
21. We may infer from the text that the hippo is
[A] an endangered animal species.
[B] a kind of tourist games.
[C] a special fish in rivers.
[D] an African elephant.
22. When Dr. Lyster said sadly that the hippo "is the forgotten beast," he meant that
[A] people had forgotten to make use of its teeth.
[B] the hippo was threatening the existence of elephants.
[C] there was an excessive number ofhippos in Africa.
[D] the world only remembered to save elephants.
23. We may infer that the hippo hunting and trading are thriving because
[A] there has been no strict rules to control these activities before this week.
[B] consumers like hippo teeth products better than those made of ivory.
[C] there are fewer elephants left in Africa than hippos.
[D] hunters find that hippos are easier to kill than elephants.
24. Some African countries tried to protect animals in national parks by
[A] getting the locals involved in the trade ofhippos.
[B] reinforcing park police force.
[C] sharing benefits from parks with the locals
[D] turning hunting grounds into national parks.
25. The last sentence implies that walruses or whales may
[A] move to other places where foods are available.
[B] become the next victim of hunters' targets.
[C] outnumber elephants and hippos in the future.
[D] become tourist attractions in African national parks.
Passage 2
Eating right to prevent heart disease may seem complicated and confusing, but it's a breeze compared with trying to design an anticancer diet. Cardiovascular disease is relatively simple; it's the result of normal bodily processes taken to the extreme. Cancer, by contrast, involves changes in the programming of DNA within the nuclei of individual cells. Beyond that, heart disease is an illness that affects a single organ system, while cancer is dozens of different diseases that target body parts as radically different as the brain, breast and bone.
That being the case it's no surprise that the relationship between diet and cancer is still largely a matter of educated guesswork--and in many cases, the guesses have turned out to be wrong. Take the much publicized link between high-fat diets and breast cancer, for example. Women who live in Western countries, where high-fat diets are the norm, tend to have high breast-cancer rates. Even more telling: women of Japanese ancestry who live in the U.S, get the disease six times more often than their grandmothers and great-grandmothers in Japan. Yet a huge recent study of 90 000 women has refuted the breast cancer-fat link.
A similar process of educated-guess-and-error led people to load up on the nutritional supplement beta carotene in the early 1990s. Scientists noted that those who eat lots of fruits and vegetables tend to get less cancer and speculated that carotenoids--the same antioxidant substances that seem to protect against heart disease--were responsible. In particular, they focused on beta carotene, the most abundant and common carotenoid, as the most likely to prevent cancer.
Yet a series of targeted studies in Finland and the U.S. showed that beta carotene supplements don't ward off cancer at all. "It looks like taking this substance in high doses is not the right thing to do," says a Harvard's researcher.
Health experts are not ready to list the foods that will keep cancer at bay, but some broad outlines of an anti-cancer diet are taking shape. Beta carotene might not be the key. But fruits and vegetables seem to help. So along with giving up tobacco and limiting alcohol consumption, the best way to prevent a broad range of cancers, given the current state of medical knowledge, is to eat more fruits and vegetables. That sort of diet will help you stay trim and prevent heart disease anyway--so if, against all odds, it turns out to have no effect on cancer, it certainly can't hurt.
26. We may conclude from the first paragraph that
[A] heart disease is mainly caused by abnormal eating habits.
[B] cancer is far more difficult to prevent than heart disease.
[C] changing the programming of DNA may help treat cancer.
[D] designing an anticancer diet is as easy as a breeze
27. Observations and studies of women living in the U.S. prove that
[A] American women are in better health than women of Japanese ancestry.
[B] there is a clear relationship between high-fat diets and breast cancer
[C] Japanese women have not yet fully adapted to Western eating norm.
[D] there is nothing conclusive in terms of the breast cancer-fat link.
28. We can learn from the selection that beta carotene supplements
[A] are ineffective in preventing heart disease.
[B] may not be effective in preventing cancer.
[C] are the most important nutrients we need
[D] should normally be taken in low doses.
29. According to health experts, eating more vegetables and
[A] will definitely do us no harm whatsoever.
[B] is the most effective anti-cancer diet.
[C] provides us with enough beta carotene
[D] can protect us against the harms caused by drinking
30. Which of the following questions does the selection best answer?
[A] Can food protect us against cancer?
[B] Should we believe in educated guesswork?
[C] Is beta carotene good for our health?
[D] Are Japanese women more likely to get breast cancer?

Passage 3
Despite the modem desire to be easy and casual, Americans from time to time give thought to the language they use--to grammar, vocabulary, and gobbledygook. And as on other issues
they divide into two parties. The larger, which includes everybody from the so-called plain man to the professional writer, takes it for granted that there is a right way to use words and construct sentences, and there are many wrong ways. The right way is believed to be clearer, simpler, more logical, and hence more likely to prevent error and confusion. Good writing is easier to read; it offers a pleasant combination of sound and sense.
Against this majority view is the doctrine of an aggressive minority, who make up for their small number by their great learning and their place of authority in the world of scholarship. They are the professional linguists who deny that there is such a thing as correctness. The language, they say, is what anybody and everybody speaks. Hence there must be no interference with what they regard as a product of nature; they denounce all attempts at guiding choice; their governing principle is epitomized in the title of a speech by a distinguished member of the profession: "Can Native Speakers of a Language Make Mistakes?"
Within the profession of linguist there are of course warring factions, but on this conception of language as a natural growth with which it is wrong to tamper they are at one. In their arguments one finds appeals to democratic feelings of social equality (all words and forms are equally good) and individual freedom (anyone may do what he likes with his own speech). These assumptions further suggest that the desire for rightness, the very idea of better or worse in speech, is a hangover from aristocratic and oppressive times. To the linguists, change is the only ruler to be obeyed. They equate it with life and accuse their critics of being clock reversers, enemies of freedom, menaces to "life".
Somewhat inconsistently, the linguists produce dictionaries in which they tell us that a word or an expression is standard, substandard, colloquial, archaic, slang, or vulgar. How do they know? They know by listening to the words people use and by noticing--in conversations, newspaper, and books--how and by whom these words are used. Usage, then, is still real and various, even though the authorities refuse to point openly to a set of words and forms as being preferable to others. "Standard" gets around the difficulty of saying "best" or "right".
31. Most Americans believe that
[A] the language they use should be constantly improved.
[B] language rules do exist and hence should be obeyed.
[C] everyone has the right to use the language as he likes.
[D] grammar, vocabulary and old phrases must be made easier.
32. Which of the following is most likely the idea contained in the linguist's speech "Can Native Speakers of a Language Make Mistakes?"
[A] Native speakers think their mother tongue a natural product.
[B] Native speakers are the best observers of language rules.
[C] Mistakes in usage made by native speakers are often misleading.
[D] Whatever a native speaker says is correct usage of the language.
33. We can infer from the text that linguists hold that
[A] language knows no class distinction among different users.
[B] it is wrong to accuse each other over the use of a language.
[C] language is under the political influence of a society.
[D] it is natural for people to want to use correct language.
34. In the last sentence of paragraph 3, "clock reversers,..." refer to
[A] linguistic authorities.
[B] advocates of aristocratic system and oppression.
[C] those who desire for rightness of the language.
[D] warring factions in the field of linguistics.
35. The author points out that linguists produce dictionaries which
[A] prove that there are no roles guiding the use of a language.
[B] contradict their argument that languages are equally good.
[C] show that authorities do not pay enough attention to usage.
[D] convince the reader that the author is right.

Passage 4
A university professor has built a "virtual laboratory" on the World Wide Web to give engineering students a taste of the challenge they may someday face on the job. With a few clicks of a mouse, students drill for a hidden supply of oil, program a robotic arm and design digital logic circuits.
Putting such experiments on the Internet introduces students to engineering without the high costs, time constraints and space limitations imposed by a real-world laboratory, says the inventor of the on-line tab who is a researcher professor in the Department, of Chemical Engineering
"You might argue that students are not going to get the full experience when they use virtual equipment. But suppose you get, 80% of the effect, yet the cost is only 10~ compared to a real laboratory. It might be worth it. And any student with a computer and access to the Web would be able to use the virtual equipment," said the inventor.
The professor also sees the on-line lab experiments as a way to let freshmen sample the type of real-life puzzle that working engineers confront. This early exposure is important, he says, because most engineering students, spend their first two years at colleges mastering chemistry, physics and mathematics. By the time they take their first engineering courses, they are often in their junior year, or third year--rather late date to find out whether they indeed possess the interest and aptitude for this field.
To give freshmen a clear idea of what the profession involves, the, professor used the Java programming language to create interactive lab problems on a given web site. "I wanted these experiments to concentrate on real-life problems, as opposed to textbook problems where you can thumb through the chapter and find a formula to solve them," he explains. "I wanted to present problems that did not necessarily have a single solution. In some cases, you are forced to approximate a solution. That's what engineering is about finding a way to solve problems while working under many types of restrictions--political, financial and environmental ones, for instance."
Although on-line experiments can enhance an engineer's education, the professor cautions that they do not eliminate the need for lab time in the real world. "In spite of the fact that they can offer highly interactive experiments, virtual laboratories cannot duplicate the experiences obtained in handling real apparatus," he says, "But when laboratories focus on design or problem solving, and when lessons are not dependent on physical equipment, the
educational differences between real and simulated world narrow to the point where virtual experiments becomes very viable options."
36. Which of the following advantages is true about the virtual lab?
[A] It can free the students from textbooks.
[B] It is cost-efficient.
[C] It is better than the real ones.
[D] It can reduce the students stress in learning.
37. It can be inferred that engineering student incompetence may be caused by the fact that they
[A] do not see the complexity of their jobs until it is too late.
[B] have been concentrated on some other subjects.
[C] do not have the advantage of regular lab training.
[D] have not learned enough about engineering in the first two years.
38. The professor claims that the virtual lab can enhance students' ability to
[A] find a single solution from textbooks to problem she confronts.
[B] finish a regular engineer's training earlier than normally.
[C] deal with problems they may encounter in practical work.
[D] Use the computer programming language in designing.
39. Despite the merits of the on-line lab experiments, it
[A] still needs a mouse to work with.
[B] cannot replace lab experiments in the real world.
[C] must work under many types of restriction.
[D] accommodates the need of junior students only.
40. We may conclude that this lab on the Intemet is most likely to
[A] eliminate the use of physical equipment in engineering training.
[B] increase the learners' experience in handling real apparatus.
[C] confuse the difference between the real and simulated world.
[D] be used as a supplementary means in engineering training.

Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41--45, choose the most suitable one from the list A--G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices that do not fit in any of the gaps: Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The making of weathervanes (devices fixed on the top of buildings to show directions of the wind) is an ancient skill, going back to early Egyptian times. Today the craft is still very much alive in the workshop that Graham Smith has set up. He is one of the few people in the country who make hand-cut weathervanes. Graham's designs are individually created and tailored to the specific requirements of his customers. "That way I can produce a unique
personalized item," he explains, "A lot of my customers are women buying presents for their husbands. They want a distinctive gift that represents the man's business or leisure interests."
It's all a far cry from the traditional cock, the most common design for weathervanes.
It was not a cock but a witch on a broomstick that featured on the first weathervane Graham ever made. Friends admired his surprise present for his wife and began asking him to make vanes for them. "I realized that when it came to subjects that could be made into them, the possibilities were limitless," he says.
(41) .
That was five years ago and he has no regrets about his new direction. "My previous work didn't have an artistic element to it, whereas this is exciting and creative," he says. "I really enjoy the design side."
(42) .
Graham also keeps plenty of traditional designs in stock, since they prove as popular as the one-offs. "It seems that people are attracted to handcrafting," Graham says. "They welcome the opportunity to acquire something a little bit different."
(43) .
"I have found my place in the market. People love the individuality and I get a lot of satisfaction from seeing a nondescript shape turn into something almost lifelike," he says.
(44) .
"And nowadays, with more and more people moving to the country, individuals want to put an exclusive finishing touch to their properties. It has been a boost to crafts like mines,"
(45) .
American and Danish buyers in particular are showing interest. "Pricing," he explains, "depends on the intricacy of the design.”His most recent request was for a curly-coaled dog. Whatever the occasion, Graham can create a gift with a difference.

[A] Graham has become increasingly busy, supplying flat-packed weathervanes to clients worldwide.
[B] Graham decided to concentrate his efforts on a weathervane business. He, had served an apprenticeship as a precision engineer and had worked in, that trade for 15 years when he and his wife, Liz, agreed to swap roles-she went out to work as an architectural assistant and he stayed at home to look after the children and build up the business.
[C] Last month, a local school was opened with his galleon ship weathervane hoisted above it.
[D] "For centuries, weathervanes have kept communities in touch with the elements, signaling those shifts in wind direction that bring about changes in the weather," he explains.
[E] Graham has no plans for expansion, as he wants to keep the business as a rural craft.
[F] Graham has now perfected over 100 original designs. He works to very fine detail, always seeking approval for the design of the silhouette from, the customer before proceeding with the hand-cutting.

Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points).....

During: the past thirty years, science has steadily mopped up lots of problems that were opened up by new technologies. (1) New knowledge has invariably meant new gadgets and ways of transferring information which require ever-decreasing amounts of time and energy. But wilt new knowledge always have new practical consequences? Or will the frontiers of the doable lag further and further behind those of the conceivable?
Present theories of physics lead us to believe that there are surprising few fundamental laws of Nature. (2) Nevertheless. there seems to be an endless array of different states and structures that those laws permit--iust as there are a very small number of rules and pieces defining a game like chess, yet an endless number of different games that could be played out. Physicists are fairly confident that they are not missing something in between the forces that they have already found. When it comes to the outcomes of those discoveries and a growing appreciation of how complex organized structures come about and evolve in tandem with their environments.
Some scientists and philosophers have taken the view that science as a whole has experienced a Golden Age that will eventually draw to a close. (3) Truly new discoveries will become harder and harder to make; minor variations will become tempting targets; deeper understanding will require greater and greater efforts of the imagination to achieve: and a wider grasp of the structure of systems of huae complexity will require more and more powerful Computers. The seam of gold that is useful science may one day be mined out, leaving only a few nuggets to be uncovered here and there by ever-increasing effort. (4) Of course, we may not realize that the mine is exhausted: no banner will appear in the sky to tell us that further fundamental advances will require a huge leap for Mankind, rather than a gradual shuffle.
Scientists alone do not dictate the future course of science. (5) When their activities become very expensive and have no direct technological or military relevance to the state, then their continued support will be determined by other great problems that confront society. In the future, we might expect that the development of what we will call the "problem sciences" —those studies needed to solve the great environmental, social, and medical problems that threaten
humanity's continued existence and well-being.

Section III Writing
51. Directions:
You learned that Ms. Wang was helping you dealing with office matters during your sick leave. Write a letter of appreciation to her to express your thanks. Your letter should include:
1) what you heard of what Wang did,
2) the reason for your thanks,
3) the favor you'd like to often
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

Part B
52. Directions:
Write an article to an English newspaper discussing laid-off workers and re-employment in China. In your article you should
1) describe briefly the present situation of unemployment.
2) analyze the causes of it.
3) give advice on re-employment.
You should write 160--200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

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[研水吧]考试中心模拟题之(4) [复制链接]