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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Many professions are associated with a particular stereotype. The I image of a writer, for instance, is 2 a slightly crazy-looking person, locked in an attic, writing 3 furiouslyfor days 4 . Naturally, he has his favorite pen and note-paper, or a beat-up typewriter, 5
he could not produce a readable word.
Nowadays, we know that such images 6 little resemblance to reality. But are they
completely false? In the case of at least one writer, it would 7 . Dame Muriel Spark, who 8 80 in February, in many ways resembles this stereotypical "writer". She is certainly not crazy,and she doesn't work in an attic. But she is rather 9 about the tools of her 10 .
She 11 writing with a certain type of pen in a certain type of notebook, which she buys from a certain 12 in Edinburgh called James Thin. In face, so 13 is she that, if someone uses one of her pens 14 , she immediately throws it away. And she claims she would have enormous difficulty writing in any notebook 15 those sold by James Thin. This could soon be a problem, as the shop no longer 16 them, and Dame Muriel's 17 of 72-page spiral bound is nearly finished.’
As well as her" 18 "about writing materials, Muriel Spark shares one other characteristic with the stereotypical "writer": her work is the most important thing in her life. It has stopped her 19 ; 20 her old friends and made her new ones, and driven her from London to New York to Rome. Today she lives in the Italian province of Tuscany with a friend.
1. [A] historic [B] antique [C] senior [D] classic
2. [A] in [B] of [C] with [D] for
3. [A] away [B] off [C] on [D] down
4. [A] on finish [B] on final [C] on end [D] on stop
5. [A] except which [B] without which[C] beyond which[D] on which
6. [A] bear [B] stand [C] hold [D] keep
7. [A] have seemed no [B] not seem
[C] not have seemed [D] seem not
8. [A] observed [B] entered [C] saw [D] turned
9. [A] particular [B] specific [C] peculiar [D] special
10. [A] business [B] trade [C] vocation [D] career
11. [A] persists in [B] insists on [C] keeps on [D] indulges in
12. [A] grocer [B] chemist [C] stationer [D] baker
13. [A] mysterious [B] conventional[C] superstitious[D] traditional
14.[A]by fortune [B]by accident [C]by chance [D] by coincidence
15. [A] much as [B] rather than [C] such as [D] other than
16. [A] piles [B] stores [C] stocks [D] conceals
17. [A] supply [B] provision [C] supplement [D] addition
18. [A] devotion [B] preoccupation [C] worship [D] obsession
19.[A] from marrying [B] to remarry [C] remarrying [D] remarry
20. [A] spent [B] cost [C] exhausted [D] tired
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1
"I've never met a human worth cloning," says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. "It's a stupid endeavor." That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year---or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.
Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. "Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous," he says.
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in, 1997, Westhusin's phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine
has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy's mysterious owner, who wishes m remain unknown to protect his privacy. He's plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund
the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy;s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy's owners and the A&M team say they are "both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differ from Missy."
The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin's work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at
birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. "Why would you ever want to clone humans," Westhusin asks, "when we're not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?"

21. Which of the following best represents Mr. Westhusin's attitude toward cloning?
[A] Animal Cloning is a stupid attempt.
[B] Human cloning is not yet close to getting it worked out.
[C] Cloning is too inefficient and should be stopped.
[D] Animals cloning yes, and human cloning at least not now.
22. The Missyplicity project does not seem very successful probably because
[A] there isn't enough fund to support the research.
[B] cloning dog's is more complicated than cloning cats and bulls.
[C] Mr. Westhusin is too busy taking care of the business.
[D] the owner is asking for an exact copy of his pet.
23. When Mr. Westhusin says "...cloning is dangerous," he implies that
[A] lab technicians may be affected by chemicals.
[B] cats and dogs in the lab may die of diseases.
[C] experiments may waste lots of lives
[D] cloned animals could outlive the natural ones.
24. We can infer from the third paragraph that
[A] rich people are more interested in cloning humans than animals.
[B] cloning of animal pets is becoming a prosperous industry.
[C] there is no distinction between a cloned anda natural dog.
[D] Missy's master pays a lot in a hope to revive' the dog.
25. We may conclude from the text that
[A] human cloning will not succeed unless the technique is more efficient.
[B] scientists are optimistic about cloning technique.
[C] many people are against the idea of human cloning.
[D] cloned animals are more favored by owners even ifthey are weaker.

Text 2
For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are uriconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the U. S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue tobattle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.
Now chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 non-profitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action, The CEOs' motive: "Our audience
is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse" as well, says one CEO of a company that owns nine television stations.
Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. "Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways," says a forum member.
One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universities which educate three-quarters of all U. S. undergraduates--to admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn't have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.
26. U.S. court restrictions on affirmative action signifies that
[A] minorities no longer hold the once favored status.
[B] the quality of American colleges has improved.
[C] racial preferences has replaced racial prejudice.
[D] the minority is on an equal footing with the majority.
27. What has been a divisive issue across the United States?
[A] Whether affirmative action should continue to exist,
[B] Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority.
[C] Whether racism exists in American college admission.
[D] Whether racial intolerance should be punished.
28. CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because they
[A] think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive education.
[B] want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nation.
[C] want a workforce that reflects the diversity of their customers.
[D] think it their duty to help develop education of the country.
29. The major tactic the forum uses is to
[A] battle the racial preferences in court.
[B] support colleges involved in lawsuits of racism.
[C] strive to settle this political debate nationwide.
[D] find legally viable ways to ensure minority admissions.
30. If the 10% rule is applied,
IAI the best white high school students can get into colleges.
[B] public universities can get excellent students.
[C] students from poor rural families can go to colleges.
[D] good minority students can get into public universities.

Text 3
Positive surprises from government reports on retail sales, industrial production, and housing in the past few months are leading economists to revise their real gross domestic product forecasts upward, supporting the notion that the recession ended in December or January.
Bear in mind: This recovery won't have the vitality normally associated with an upturn. Economists now expect real GDP growth of about 1.5% in the first quarter. That's better than the 0.4% the consensus projected in December, but much of the additional growth will come from a slower pace of inventory drawdowns, not from surging demand.
Moreover, the economy won't grow fast enough to help the labor markets much. The only good news there is that jobless claims have fallen back from their spike after September 11 and that their current level suggests the pace of layoffs is easing.
The recovery also does not mean the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates soon. The January price indexes show that inflation remains tame. Consequently, the Fed can take its time
shifting monetary policy from extreme accommodation to relative neutrality.
Perhaps the best news from the latest economic reports was the January data on industrial production. Total output fell only 0.1%, its best showing since July. Factory output was flat, also
the best performance in six months. Those numbers may not sound encouraging, but manufacturers have been in recession since late 2000, The data suggest that the factory sector is finding a bottom from which to start its recovery.
Production of consumer goods, for instance, is almost back up to where it was a year ago. That's because consumer demand for motor vehicles and other goods and the housing industry remained healthy during the recession, and they are still growing in early 2002.
Besides, both the monthly homebuilding starts number and the housing market index for the past two months are running above their averages for all of 2001, suggesting that home-building is off to a good start and probably won't be a big drag on GDP growth this year.
Equally important to the outlook is how the solid housing market will help demand for home-related goods and services. Traditionally, consumers buy the bulk of their furniture, electronics and textiles within a year of purchasing their homes. Thus, spending on such items will do well this year, even as car sales slip now that incen6ves are less attractive. Look for the output of consumer goods to top year-ago levels in coming months.
Even the business equipment sector seems to have bottomed out. Its output rose 0.4% in January, led by a 0.6% jump computer gear. A pickup in orders for capital goods in the fourth quarter suggests this production will increasing--although at a relaxed pace--in coming months.
31. American economists are surprised to see that
[A] their government is announcing the end of a recession.
[B] US economy is showing some signs of an upturn so soon.
[C] some economic sectors have become leading industries.
[D] they have to revise the product forecasts so often.
32. The most encouraging fact about the US economy is that
[A] employment rates have risen faster than expected.
[B] the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates soon.
[C] GDP is growing because of surging demand.
[D] Industrial production has reached its lowest point.
33. Which of the following best brightens the future of US economy?
[A] Business equipment.
[B] Computer gear.
[C] Housing market.
[D] Motor vehicles
34. In spite of the good news, the author sounds relatively more reserved about
[A] national GDP growth.
[B] price indexes.
[C] output of consumer goods.
[D] the number of layoffs.
35. Which of the following best summarizes the U.S. economic situation today?
[A] All the data still show a bleak year in 2002.
[B] It is slowly warming up with moderate growth.
[C] Recession may come back anytime in the coming months.
[D] Most sectors are picking up at a surprisingly fast pace

Text 4
Timothy Berners-Lee, might be giving Bill Gates a run for the money, but he passed up his shot at fabulous wealth intentionally--in 1990. That's when he decided not to patent the technology used to create the most important software innovation in the final decade of the 20th century: the World Wide Web. Bernes-Lee wanted to make the world a richer place, not amass personal wealth. So he gave his brainchild to us all.
Berners-Lee regards today's Web as a rebellious adolescent that can never fulfill his original expectations. By 2005, he hopes to begin replacing it with the Semantic Web, a smart network that will finally understand human languages and make computers virtually as easy to work with as other humans.
As envisioned by Berners-Lee, the new Web would understand not only the meaning of words and concepts but also theological relationships among them. That has awesome potential.
Most knowledge is built on two pillars: semantic and mathematics. In number-crunching, computers already outclass people. Machines that are equally adroit at dealing with language and reason won't just help people uncover new insights; they could blaze new trails on their own.
Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online repositories for nuggets of knowledge would no longer force people to wade through screen after screen of extraneous data. Instead, computers would dispatch intelligent agents, or software messengers, to explore websites by the thousands and logically sift out just what's relevant. That alone would provide amajor boost in productivity at work and at home. But there's far more.
Software agents could also take on many routine business chores, such as helping manufacturers find and negotiate with lowest-cost parts suppliers and handling help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a bottomless trove of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthroughs, including today's Web, spring from novel combinations of existing knowledge. The Semantic Web would make it possible to evaluate more combinations overnight than a person could juggle in a lifetime. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of Web pages could be distilled and summarized. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. TheSemantic Web, Berners-Lee predicts, "will help more people become more intuitive as well as more analytical. It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse culturalperspectives, so we have a better chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issues--like the environment and climate warming."
36. Had he liked, Berners-Lee could have
[A] created the most important innovation in the 1990s.
[B] accumulated as much personal wealth as Bill Gates.
[C] patented the technology of Microsoft software.
[D] given his brainchild to us all.
37. The Semantic Web will be superior to today's web in that it
[A] surpasses people in processing numbers.
[B] fulfills users' original expectations.
[C] deals with language and reason as well as number.
[D] responses like a rebellious adult.
38. To search for any information needed on tomorrow's Web, one only has to
[A] wade through screen after screen of extraneous data.
[B] ask the Web to dispatch some messenger to his door.
[C] use smart software programs called "agents."
[D] explore Web sites by the thousands and pick out what's relevant.
39. Thanks to the Web of the future,
[A] millions of web pages can be translated overnight.
[B] one can find most inventions and breakthroughs online.
[C] software manufacturers can lower the cost of computer parts.
[D] scientists using different specialty terms can collaborate much better.
40. The most appropriate title for this text is
[A] Differences Between Two Webs.
[B] The Humanization of Computer Software.
[C] A New Solution to World Problems.
[D] The Creator and His Next Creation.

Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choosethe most suitable paragraph from the list A--F to fit into each of the numbered blank. There is one extra choice that does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions- Especially valuable was the
evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-A-vesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period. (41)
He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are
the product of a more developed society.
Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples. (42) . For example, an expression like "maiden dawn" for "sunrise" resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her.
Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the distant past. (43) .
Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazer's scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces (magic), later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation (science).
The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith's work, Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practices of ancient agricultural peoples, for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance. (44) .
This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, who heldthat every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth.
Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core--whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves. (45)

[A] German-born British scholar Max Mtiller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India--the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language—reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology. Mtiller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena.

[B] The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called, was. developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society.

[C] Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths--like dreams--condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.

[D] This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor. In Primitive Culture (1871), Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages.

[E] The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gottlob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths (instead of fabula, meaning "fable") to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.

[F] German scholar Karl Otfried Muiller followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena toa Scientific Mythology, 1825.

Part C

Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
As the nation learned so painfully on Sept. 11, nothing is more important to security than good intelligence. (1) That means not only collecting reliable information about terrorist threats but gathering it under one roof so connections and patterns can be spotted and timely warnings issued. President Bush has taken a sensible step in that direction with his decision to establish a new Terrorist Threat Integration Center and place it under the command of George Tenet, the nation's spy chief.
For too long there has been inadequate coordination among the dozen federal agencies involved in gathering intelligence about terrorist threats. (2) Moving the analysis of information collected by the CIA, FBI, the Department of Homeland Security, the Pentagon and other agencies into the new center should help curb rivalries and can reduce the likelihood that indications of another attack will be overlooked.
Congressional inquiries into the failures preceding the Sept. 11 attacks have made clear that counterterrorism intelligence has suffered from the same chronic difficulties that have long plagued America's broader spy efforts--tangled lines of authority, overlapping responsibilities and a frustrating inability to process information in a timely and efficient way. (3) By putting Mr. Tenet in charge of the center, Mr. Bush may have bruised feelings at the FBI. but it was the right. call. The CIA has moved more promptly and effectively than the FBI to combat terrorism since Sept. 11. (4) Robert Mueller, the. FBI director, has his hands full trying to revitalize the bureau and turn its attention from the investigation of conventional crimes to the prevention of terrorist activities.
The value of intelligence analysis coming out of the center will depend on the quality of raw data flowing in. Intelligence-gathering will still be scattered among different agencies, and Mr. Tenet will exercise only partial control over many of the larger organizations that are managed by the Pentagon. (5) That fragmentation needs to be re-examined, but in doing so very clear distinctions must be maintained between the permissive rules of foreign intelligence gathering and the much stricter ones limiting government spying on Americans.

Section III Writing
51. Directions:
The Students' Union of your department is planning an English Speaking Contest. Write an announcement which covers the following information.
1) the purpose of the contest,
2) time and place of the contest,
3) what is required of the candidates,
4) details of the judges and awards.
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Department of English at the end of the announcement.

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[研水吧]考试中心模拟题之(6) [复制链接]